Genere e grammatica: una lingua tante sfumature | Giuliana Giusti | TEDxSanremo
La lingua è il più efficace mezzo usato dalla specie umana per descrivere la (percezione della) realtà, comunicare idee e convinzioni, manifestare sentimenti e, di conseguenza, per tramandare principi e tradizioni culturali condivise dal gruppo sociale che usa quella lingua. Allo stesso tempo la lingua è un mezzo potente di riconoscimento del sé e dell’altra persona come appartenente o non appartenente a una determinata comunità di parlanti. I ruoli di genere e gli stereotipi culturali associati al genere sociale sono allo stesso tempo oggetto di identificazione della persona e posizionamento di questa nelle gerarchie condivise, spesso non esplicite a chi parla e a chi interloquisce, con diverse possibili sfumature di status sociale e relazione solidale.
In italiano, il genere è parte del sistema morfologico e sintattico per tutti i nomi, con un chiaro riscontro interpretativo per la maggior parte dei nomi che designano esseri animati, in particolare per esseri umani. Non sorprende quindi che il genere sia collegato al prestigio sociale e alla sfera affettiva nella rappresentazione linguistica.
In questo contributo partirò da una panoramica delle strutture morfologiche e sintattiche coinvolte nella categoria di genere, per creare metacompetenza (cioè competenza esplicita della competenza implicita determinata dal naturale processo di acquisizione della lingua) sui fenomeni di accordo sintattico, riferimento anaforico, designazione generica e specifica dei nomi di ruolo. Saranno quindi vagliate le diverse sfumature interpretative del maschile, del femminile, e delle nuove proposte per il superamento della dicotomia di genere rispetto alla dimensione di innovazione e conservazione della lingua italiana.Giuliana Giusti è ordinaria di Linguistica all’Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia e professoressa onoraria della Facoltà di Lingue dell’Università di Bucarest. È direttrice degli Annali di Ca’ Foscari – Serie Occidentale – Sezione Linguistica; della collana LiVVaL – Linguaggio e Variazione / Variation in Language, di Edizioni Ca’ Foscari, e del Centro Studi sul Multilinguismo CSML. Collabora al progetto VariOpInta – Variation and Optionality in Italo-Romance. Si interessa di linguistica teorica e applicata. Ha collaborato a opere di riferimento quali la Grande Grammatica Italiana di Consultazione (2022, terza edizione), la Grammatica dell’Italiano Antico(2010), Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages (2016) e Cambridge Handbook to Romance Linguistics (2022). È autrice di oltre 100 saggi e di 5 monografie. Si occupa della relazione tra linguaggio, lingua italiana e genere grammaticale e semantico e sociale da oltre un trentennio. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
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